Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. The sterilityfertility changes because of the effect or control of the photoperiod andor temperature sensitive genes. The cms lines play a pivotal role in success and sustenance of hybrid rice technology. Kdomain splicing factor regulates open hull male sterility in rice 209 contained at least 300 pollen grains for each glumous flower were observed randomly for pollen fertility. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species. Stem borers and leaffolders are the main pests that cause severe damage in rice oryza sativa l. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes cytoplasmic male sterility in rice article pdf available in nature genetics 455 march 20 with 1,089 reads how we measure reads. Central rice research institute, cuttack, 753006 india.
We identified the rice homolog of acos5 as osacos12. Chemical induced male sterility the chemical which induces male sterility artificially is called as male gametocide. The novel 208s and its hybrids presented high and stable. Fine mapping of the nuclear fertility restorer gene for hl cytoplasmic male sterility in rice jingyu huang 1, jun hu 1, xin xu 2, shaoqing li 1, ping yi 1, daichang yang 3, fugang ren 1, xuequn liu 1. Genetic analysis of male sterility obtained from a rice.
Fine mapping of the nuclear fertility restorer gene for hl. Rice with ldtype cytoplasmic male sterility cms possesses the cytoplasm of lead rice and its fertility is recovered by a nuclear fertility restorer gene rf1. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii. Genetics of male sterility fertility restoration and. Qtls for hybrid fertility and their association with. Genic male sterility has been reported in cabbage and cauliflower by nieuwhof in 1961. Researchers identify sterility genes in hybrid rice. To explore new male sterile lines in rice, we performed successive backcrosses using a japonica cultivar taichung 65 t65 as a recurrent pollen parent and. Treatments included two water management regimes continuous flood vs. Classification of male sterility there are three basic types of male sterility. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in the nucleus. Information about the loci and genetic factors responsible for hybrid sterility explored using these parents will be valuable for improving these two elite rice cultivars in the future by facilitating.
Of the four commercial rice varieties tested for sterility, or blanking, some were more susceptible than others to cold night temperatures. Other reports of straighthead followed in japan iwamoto, 1969, australia dunn et al. Mechanism of sterility and breeding strategies for photoperiodthermo sensitive genic male sterile rice sensitive genes. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility for. Spikelet sterility ranged from 2% to 23%, and was more than 10% in 20% of the crops studied.
Glucuronidase reporter gene analysis and rna in situ hybridization indicated that osacos12 was specifically expressed in tapetum and microspores. The obstacle to utilize this technique to improve selfpollinated crops is the difficulty to. Rm311 produced increased dry matter yield both at heading and maturity and also showed higher grain yield with greater proportion of grain sterility than the other two genotypes. Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility of rice.
Soil and plant minerals associated with rice straighthead. Pms1t, producing phased smallinterfering rnas, regulates photoperiodsensitive male sterility in rice article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 152. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm. Small rna profiles of the rice ptgms line wuxiang s reveal. Role of male sterility in vegetable hybrid seed production. Studies on mir159 are mostly done on model plant, arabidopsis thaliana. Male sterility in pepper was first documented by martin and grawford in1951. Straighthead, a physiological disorder that causes grain sterility in rice, was fi rst reported in the united states in 1912 wells and gilmour, 1977 and can cause complete yield loss when severe yan et al. Co segregation of male sterile phenotype and presence of antisense insert. Deze gratis online tool maakt het mogelijk om meerdere pdf bestanden of afbeeldingen te combineren in een pdf document. Male sterility is a useful agronomic trait for breeding of selfpollinating crops and is often observed in the progenies of hybrids of distantly related species, for example, oryza sativa l. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is. Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in.
Cytoplasmic male sterility is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses pollen production due to the interaction of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Here, we characterized a rice nuclear gene essential for sporophytic male fertility and constructed a male sterility system that can propagate the pure male sterile seeds. Thermosensitive genic male sterile tgms lines and photoperiodsensitive genic male sterile pgms lines have been successfully used in hybridization to improve rice yields.
Induction of cytoplasmic male sterility through radiations and chemical mutagens is one approach to developing alternate sources of male sterility for use in hybrid rice development. Levings 111 department of genetics, box 7614, north carolina state university, raleigh, north carolina 276957614 introduction cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen grains. The exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. Male sterility forms the basis for hybrid predominate crops, which are desirable because of their superior agronomic characteristics. Spikelet sterility in 2007 was apparently higher than that in the normal summer of 2008 and peaked with the heat wave, which confirms for the first time that extreme heat in midsummer induced sterility under open field conditions in japan, but to a. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Various types of cytoplasmic male sterility cms and environmentconditioned genic male sterility egms. Pdf a detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms factors have long been known in some wild plants, and also in some domesticated species, where they are used to produce plants to be used as maternal parents, for. Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production.
Cms is a useful system for commercial f 1 hybrid breeding programs. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing w zhonghua wang,a,1 yanjiao zou,a,1 xiaoyu li,a,2 qunyu zhang,a 2 letian chen,a hao wu,a dihua su,a yuanling chen,a jingxin guo,a da luo,b,c yunming long,a yang zhong,d. In fact, the belated success of hybrid rice technology in india. Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. In sorghum, stephen and holland 1954 discovered cytoplasmic male sterility cms designated as milo cytoplasm in the progenies of a cross between two cultivars, milo and combine ka. Complete male sterility and the absence of typical 1.
Photoperiod and thermosensitive genic male sterility in. Knockout of osacos12 caused male sterility in rice. In the recently developed tgmsco27 line, the male sterility is based on cosuppression of a udp. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds.
In this system, the two kinds of genes are involved. In rice, studies on mir159 were either based upon genomewide expression analyses focused upon responses to different nitrogen forms. We developed the first photoperiod and thermosensitive male sterility ptsms rice 208s with the cry1ab1ac bacillus thuringiensis bt gene, through sexual crossing with huahui 1 elite line with the cry1ab1ac gene. It is heritable and basically comes under genetic male sterility. The crisprcas9mediated osacos12 knockout mutant has complete male sterility due to a defect in pollen wall formation. Plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important phenomenon and is widely utilized in hybrid crop breeding. Grain sterility in relation to dry mass production and. A pollen defective male sterile rice mutant, osms55, was isolated from an elite indica cultivar hhz using ems ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis strategy. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Origins of rice cytoplasmic male sterility genes cell.
Thoughts on cytoplasmic male sterility in cmst maize. In this study, we found that ldcytoplasm contained a. Development of photoperiod and thermosensitive male. Bttype cytoplasmic male sterility cms in rice is associated with accumulation of unprocessed dicistronic rna containing a duplicated atp6 batp6 and an unusual open reading frame, orf79, encoding a cytotoxic peptide in mitochondria. Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a mitochondriallocalized ppr protein that functions in reduction of wa352 transcripts dear editor, cytoplasmic male sterility cms, the failure to produce functional male gametes, is widespread in flowering plants kaul, 1988. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in. One gene causes male sterility integrated with genome of a line while the other suppresses it in r line. Rf1 promotes processing of a cmsassociated mitochondrial rna of atp6orf79, which consists of atp6 and orf79, in btcms with the cytoplasm of chinsurah boro ii. The wild abortive cms cmswa, a wellknown cms type, has been successfully applied in the commercial production of hybrid rice seeds for more than 40 years.
Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is caused by sterility genes in the cytoplasm which lead to the abnormal stamen and incompatible pollen. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes background. Originally discovered in a wild rice species in the 1970s, the wa cytoplasm has been backcrossed into the domesticated rice species, oryza sativa, to produce. Genetic analysis showed that osms55 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Cms also is a focus of nuclearmitochondrial research in plants, because aberrant mitochondrial genomic organization causes dysfunction in pollen development 1, 2.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna. Identification of an 85kb dna fragment containing pms1, a locus for photoperiodsensitive genic male sterility in rice. Its temperature sensitivity is controlled by several minor genes, and probably influenced by the genetic background, making it quite difficult to breed a stable pol tcms line through the conventional breeding methods. Hybrid rice breeding has made a tremendous contribution to food security in china cheng et al. Pdf genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and. A killerprotector system regulates both hybrid sterility and segregation distortion in rice, science, 14 september 2012. Usa91 1994 2121 otics asbeforeat370cuntilod600reached0. Kdomain splicing factor osmads1 regulates open hull. Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Cloning of a rice male sterility gene by a modified mutmap.
Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Pms3 is the locus causing the original photoperiodsensitive male sterility mutation of nongken 58s. Spikelet sterility of rice observed in the record hot. Thoughts on cytoplasmic male sterility in cmst maize charles s. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Male sterility can occur due to extranuclear genetic or nuclear genetic condition. Combine pdfs in the order you want with the easiest pdf merger available. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male. The combiner, which is available in most engines and output modules, has no support for merging jobs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying male sterility transitions in most pgmstgms rice lines are unclear. Maakt het mogelijk om pdfbestanden samen te voegen met een simpele drag anddrop interface. Cooling water before panicle initiation increases chilling.
Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. The experiment was conducted to investigate potential causes of grain sterility in widely cultivated rice variety in malaysia, mr219 and its two mutant lines rm311 and rm109 by examining the sourcesink relations. Genes associated with thermosensitive genic male sterility. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. Male sterility, as the name indicates, is the inability of a plant to produce male reproductive organ, the viable pollens. Genomewide snp analysis using the highthroughput illumina infinium iselect snp 50 k microarray technology indicated that the genetic makeup of. Sally mackenzie, in plant biotechnology and agriculture, 2012. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, which is a maternally inherited male sterility trait, is observed in more than 150 higher plant species. Genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize parvez a. Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The malesterile state of bttype cms is stably maintained by backcrossing the plants with line taichung 65 t65 that has no restorer gene and is. Recently, researchers have elucidated the molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility cms in the wild abortive or cmswa rice system, which is widely used in rice breeding. Malesterile plants to the extent of 25% were observed in the f 2 generation of the. Male sterility, or failure to produce functional anthers, pollen or male gametes, is a common phenomenon in higher plants and is found in 43 families, 162 genera, 320 species and 297 hybrids kaul 1988.
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